I'm using the same training schedules that I took months perfecting in the old game and they work just as well so far for me.
Basically got different schedules set up for GK, DL/R, DC (right sided), DC (left sided), DMC, MC (right sided), MC (left sided), AMR, AML, SC. The exact same schedules, but more intensive for the youth set-up too.
To make sure the best youth players progress like they should I tend to have my youth team consisting of players from 14-17, and my reserve team 18-22. My reserves tends to be mainly a holding area for players who might be good enough to break into the first team and I loan them out a lot. If a player doesn't make it by 22 they're released or sold.
I also never keep a player beyond 29-years-old, I always sell them at that point when their value is at it's highest usually and will only go down at that point onwards, like their stats.
My standard formation is a:
GK
DR..... DC.....DC..... DL
DMC
MC......MC
AMR.......................AML
SC