OK. Starting with the easy stuff.
Yarn weight
If you're looking online for knitting help, you will quickly be confused by the different names for the different weights of yarn. Starting with the smallest:
UK 4-ply is known as Sportweight, and is usually used in baby garments. UK Double knitting is US Worsted weight and is a general purpose size, used for pretty much anything from baby clothes, knitted toys and loads of others. UK Aran can be known as Fisherman or Medium weight, it's heavier than double knitting and knits up quicker. It's generally used for adult sweaters. UK Chunky is US Bulky and is usually used for blankets or specific patterns. For the most part as new knitters, you'll use double knitting.
Ball band translation
On your ball band, there will be a cross with some letters and numbers around it. On the ball I have beside me, it says:
This is telling you what size knitting needle to use to get the recommended gauge. In this case, I need to use a 4mm which is the metric equivalent to the old UK size 8 needle.
Beside this, there will be a grid - this tells you what the gauge should be if you are following the manufacturers instructions. Mine says:
Quote:
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10x10cms/28 rows/22sts/4x4in
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This is telling you that to knit a square 10cmx10cm (or 4inx4in) you need to cast on 22 stitches and knit 28 rows in stocking stitch (knit odd rows, purl even rows).
The other information to make note of is the weight and length of your ball of yarn and compare it to the pattern requirements. Mine is a 50g ball which measures approximately 191yards/175metres.
Before you start
If you are following a pattern, make sure that the yarn you have bought is all the same shade and lot number. This information is usually found near the barcode, and if it's all the same number, this means your yarn was all dyed from the one batch and you shouldn't have a colour difference problem.
I'll add more to this tomorrow, but if anyone has any specific questions batter in and I'll answer tomorrow.